Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Computational Complexity and the Origin of Universals :: Mathematics Mathematical Philosophy Papers

Computational Complexity and the Origin of Universals Unique: This paper builds up cozy connections between principal issues in the philosophical and numerical hypotheses of psyche. It audits the scientific ideas of insight, including design acknowledgment calculations, neural systems and rule frameworks. Numerical troubles show as combinatorial intricacy of calculations are identified with the jobs of from the earlier information and versatile learning, similar issues that have formed the multi year old discussion on the causes of the all inclusive ideas of brain. Joining philosophical and numerical examinations empowers following current scientific troubles to the inconsistency between Aristotelian rationale and Aristotelian hypothesis of brain (Forms). Aristotelian rationale is demonstrated to be the offender for the current scientific challenges. I will likewise talk about associations with Gã ¶del’s hypotheses. The end is that fluffy rationale is a principal prerequisite for consolidating adaptivity and apriority. Relating the scientific and philosophical helps explaining both and helps examining future exploration bearings of the arithmetic of insight. I. Presentation: Mathematics and Philosophy The multi year old discussion on the beginnings of all inclusive ideas of brain was about the jobs of adaptivity or gaining as a matter of fact versus the from the earlier information (the innate or natural). It is firmly identified with the epistemological issue of the starting points of information. The issue of joining adaptivity and a-need is key to computational knowledge just as to understanding human insight. There is an interrelationship among ideas of brain in arithmetic, brain research, and theory, which is a lot nearer than as of now suspected among researchers and logicians of today. From the contemporary perspective, the inquiries concerning mind presented by old thinkers are incredibly logical. A focal inquiry to crafted by Plato, Aristotle, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aquinas, Occam, and Kant was the topic of the starting points of all inclusive ideas. Is it accurate to say that we are brought into the world with from the earlier information on ideas or do we secure this inf ormation adaptively by gaining as a matter of fact? This inquiry was key to crafted by antiquated logicians, medieval theologists, and it was similarly imperative to speculations of Freud, Jung, and Skinner. The various answers they provided for this inquiry are fundamentally the same as the appropriate responses given by McCulloch, Minsky, Chomsky and Grossberg. At the point when 2300 years back Plato confronted a need to disclose our capacity to conceptualize, he reasoned that ideas are of from the earlier cause. The way of thinking dependent on the supernatural, from the earlier truth of ideas was named authenticity. During the accompanying 2000 years the idea of a-need was colossally fortified by the improvement of monotheistic religion in Europe, to the degree that it meddled with exact examinations.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Nothing is so pwerful as the word whose idea has come.doc essays

Nothing is so pwerful as the word whose thought has come.doc articles Discussion Topic: with respect to the case that standards and thoughts have any kind of effect in the conduct of governments, Nothing on the planet is so incredible as a thought whose opportunity has arrived. There are nations or people that have more force than the others in a similar network. This force relies upon numerous subtleties, the majority of which are extremely difficult to see. Figuring out which of them is progressively significant is much harder. So understanding Hugos following words is exceptionally troublesome: Nothing on the planet is so amazing as a thought whose opportunity has arrived. Obviously the thought is significant however asserting nothing is progressively significant is mistaken. Despite the fact that thought is the base of each activity it isn't the most remarkable, on the grounds that each thought needs acknowledgment. A thought without acknowledgment is garbage; it is words that can sit idle. Nobody realizes what might occur if the thought was the most impressive. Perhaps some shrewd people would govern the world, as Eduard Shevardnadze controlled Georgia. Each time before the races he communicated his thoughts regarding how he would improve the lives of Georgians. What's more, every time the thoughts were just words that no one understood. On the off chance that the thoughts were the most remarkable, at that point Shevardnadze would be the leader of Georgia even now, yet luckily showed up Saakashvili, the individual who could conflict with thoughts of Eduard Shevardnadze. Georgians were prepared to help any individual who could conflict with Shevardnadze and when Saaksashvili (the genuine contradicting power) showed up everybody, who could come in Tbilisi, came there and helped Mikhail to oust Shevardnadze and his legislature. There was Hitler who had thought to vanquish the world, yet his thought was not all that amazing as military powers of Soviet Union. For this situation military powers had all the earmarks of being more impressive than the thought. There can be numerous cases in world governmental issues where financial matters become considerably more significant than the thought. The last piece of Victor Hugos express (who ... <!

Tuesday, August 11, 2020

Effective Business Writing

Effective Business Writing Effective Business Writing Home›Education Posts›Effective Business Writing Education PostsThe business writing skills are necessary in the contemporary business world. The main characteristic of effective business writing is simplicity. Writing a business email requires being formal, precise, but at the same time informative.Word Choice and Sentence StructureIn the process of writing a business paper, email or report avoid using long words. If you can think of a synonym that is shorter, use it. For instance, the word “extremely” can be substituted by “very”. The same principle applies to the sentence structure. No need to compose long sentences with complex structure, rather use simple ones. Remember that this is not a creative writing. Finally, avoid jargon, scientific words or foreign word combinations. Use formal and simple language.Active VerbsUse active verbs as often as possible. Active tense adds more energy into the strict business writing. On the other hand, do not communicate your emotions in the writing. Even if you are very enthusiastic about the project or upset by the new policy, never put exclamation points or use caps lock.Common Grammar Mistakes and EditingGrammar errors are absolutely inacceptable in the business writing. Regardless of the length of your paper, report or business email, your grammar should be perfect. Even if you reply to your business partner with one small sentence, you have to proofread what you havewritten to exclude typos or grammar mistakes. Always edit business writing, since one small mistake can ruin your reputation of an intelligent and serious business person. If you are writing an important business paper or report, you can also use online editing or professional custom writing services to improve your writing. To find out more information about aforementioned services, please follow the link qualitycustomessays.com.Effective business writing skills are necessary for every individual regardless of the field of their activity. Develop your writing skills and enjoy productive business communication.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Improving Your Business And Build A Clean Link Profile

Comprehensive List: How to build links Quality links the easy way(White Hat SEO) Most people know links aren t the only factor that are used by Search Engines to rank a site, but they constitute a large part of Search Engine ranking factors. Search Engines see links as votes, and to get votes online, you ll have to work for them. I m going to share with you a few ways to get votes (links) to your site or blog. The truth is the easiest way to gain backlinks to your site is for you to be proactive. You shouldn’t just sit there and expect links to come because that’s just the hardest way to go. Link building fundamentals It’s important to know about link building fundamentals before you continue reading this guide. How to build quality links the easy way: Blog Commenting: Despite the negative stereotype associated with this, blog commenting is still a fantastic way to promote your business and build a clean link profile. I don t mean spamming blogs, because this would only hurt your search engine ranking and personal reputation. It’s important to find the right blogs to comment. Usually, it should be a blog related to your niche. Your comment should be authentic and should give value to the reader who may even visit your site. How to find a relevant blog: You can use the Google Search Console and Advanced Search Operators. Assuming you re running a travel site and are looking for relevant blogs to comment on. You could enter any of the following searchShow MoreRelatedAssignment 1987 Words   |  4 Pageson your website is 100% unique. If duplicate content issues arise due to pagination or through categories, tags, and archives, you can use Siteliner to identify these issues and ix them. If you have a WordPress site, you can install SEO Yoast or All in One SEO pack which will enable you to nonindex such categories, tags or archives. Structured Markup/Schema You should always use structured data. This will help Google understand your business. You should markup content that is visible on your websiteRead MoreTop Reasons Users Don t Convert On Your Website1353 Words   |  6 PagesTop Reasons Users Don t Convert on Your Website Top Reasons Users Don t Convert on Your Website There are many reasons why users don t convert as buyers or sales leads on B2B websites, and each company website has its own conversion killers that are unique to the business and its online audience. A Stanford University study found that 80 percent of prospects judge a business s credibility by website design features.[1] Many of the negative judgments that people make involve unfriendly mobileRead MoreRealization of Customer Importance by Firms2214 Words   |  9 PagesImportance of Customers 3 Word of mouth 3 Feedback from customers 4 Link between loyalty and profitability 4 Reasons why companies fail to realize the importance of customers until they are faced with a crisis 5 An Example: Why U.S Internet giants like E-bay, Amazon, Google and Yahoo failed badly in China 6 Conclusion 9 References 10 Introduction Customers play a key role in the functioning of any business. For a business to function smoothly they should ensure the satisfaction of theirRead MoreNotes On A Payments Startup On The Rise3135 Words   |  13 PagesCoursework Prof. Dave Chapman and Philip Treleaven 23 March 2015 Table of Contents I. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 1. Overview 2. Venmo’s Story 3. Venmo Today II. Documenting the Business Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 III. Macro Market and Industry Analyses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1. New Business Road Test and Customer Analysis 2. Team Domain Analysis and Critical Success Factors 3. Competitor and Entry Barrier Analysis IV. SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 V. Reflection:Read MoreMarketing for Bally Total Fitness Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The marketing techniques have considerable potential for the leading fitness and weight loss platform in America. Introducing this new service will give clean radiance on the underline problem faced by the youth of America today. This article will explore the internal most dealing of our new organization by describing the new services and examining the importance of marketing for the organization successes. The SWOTT of this organization will be analysis in order to determine the bestRead MoreE Marketing Plan For Wellington Essay5983 Words   |  24 PagesMarch 1993 after the consolidation of several Wellington taxi companies under the ‘Combined’ name. Collectively they have been supplying taxi services for over 90 years. WCT operates the second largest taxi company in NZ. WCT currently has 500 Business Class vehicles with over 600 drivers. They employ a team of 70 staff. This digital marketing plan has been written in response to Wellington Combined Taxis focus on growing their market share and their interest to enter into new markets throughRead MoreAnalysis of the Overall Business Environment of MS2023 Words   |  9 Pages 1. Introduction The main purpose of the research is analysing the overall business environment of MS. The research will be carried out to identify the current issues facing by MS as a specialist strategic marketing consultant. It explores the relationship between stakeholders and perception of customer attitude toward the organisation. In addition, it finds out the competitive position with rivals, sustainability strategy, marketing tactics, and management structure of communication system, whichRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management Report5227 Words   |  21 Pagesfor methodologies, software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized way (Techtarget) b. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)  is a strategy for managing all your company’s relationships and interactions with your customers and potential customers (Salesforce) c. CRM  is the name for any system or model used to manage a company’s interactions with its current or future clients or customers. (Econsultancy) d. CRM A management philosophyRead MoreTotal Quality Management and Core Process Reengineering6858 Words   |  28 Pageshas been realized that there is a need to restructure their business practices and become more customer-focused. All recent business approaches and techniques have generally aimed at improving performance, increasing profits, gaining market share, and most importantly satisfying the customer who has become more educated and more demanding than ever. In the last two decades two organizational development models have dominated the business world for a considerable period of time namely Total QualityRead MoreA Project Report on Employee Engagement10634 Words   |  43 PagesUNIVERSITY JAIPUR DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project report titled â€Å"Employee Engagement† has been successfully completed at GENPACT, towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree â€Å"Master of Business Administration – (Human Resources)†from Institute of Information Management Science, affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University. This is an original manuscript developed by me and has not been furnished from any source thereof, has not formed

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

How have computers changed the way we live - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 366 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Computers have transformed people’s lives. A computer is a machine that accepts instructions and can be automated to perform different functions. Computer use has been increasing every year as more people are learning how to use it and its functions are increasing. Computers have made life easier through automation of many functions. Computers have an influence on the way people learn, health care, communication, and utility facilities. Computers are making communication easy Only a few letters are sent nowadays compared to the period before computer and internet were discovered. Today people are using emails to communicate. There are other ways of communication such as Messenger and Whatsapp from Facebook. These are also creations of the computer.   Processing and storage of information using a computer is easier compared to printing. Communication using computer gives instant response. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How have computers changed the way we live" essay for you Create order Computers have improved the way people do their shopping. With the presence of online shops such as Amazon and eBay, people can do their shopping from home. There are other small websites and application that serve particular localities, and some even facilitate shopping for groceries. The payment for the products is made online. Computers have improved how people learn. Universities are offering online classes where students can learn from anywhere as long as they are connected to the internet. Lecturers send soft copy notes, and the students can learn from home. Students can also get lectures on their computers. Libraries are offering their services via the internet and this is making learning and research accessible. Computers are improving medical care. The computer has improved storage of patient’s information and all the data concerning the treatment process a patient goes through. Access to information is easier when it is stored in a computer. Doctors and nurses save on time that could be spent if the information was stored manually. Computers are also assisting in managing automated operations. Banking is easier Banking can be done online. People are now sending money, request money and pay bills online. Bank customers no longer have to queue lines in the banking halls. Even paying for goods is possible and a person can pay to the company, and the goods will be delivered to them.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Right Stuff Free Essays

In attempting to define â€Å"the right stuff†, I came up with several characteristics and traits that may qualify one as having â€Å"the right stuff†. There was, however, no single, broad and sweeping definition that truly seemed to encompass â€Å"the right stuff†. For the intent of this essay, I will define â€Å"the right stuff† as the unspoken qualities a person possesses that motivate them to attempt/accomplish feats not ordinarily attempted as well as continue to challenge themselves to the point that few can relate and the masses are viewed as inferior beings. We will write a custom essay sample on Right Stuff or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the novel â€Å"The Right Stuff† Tom Wolfe profiles the lives and careers of several fighter pilots. While Wolfe never fully defines â€Å"the right stuff†, he does lend a few attributes that were forbidden to be spoken namely â€Å"†¦death, bravery, danger, fear†. Wolfe writes â€Å"†¦it was not bravery in the simple sense of being willing to risk your life. †, yet those who did have â€Å"it† also had â€Å"the uncritical willingness to face danger†. Are those characteristics part of what motivated these men to become test pilots of machines capable of reaching heights never attempted and being chosen the first astronauts as a result?Or was their motivation simply to not be left behind? I believe it is safe to say that motivation is the seed that bears the fruit of success. While none of the pilots were necessarily motivated to become the â€Å"Mercury 7†, not being chosen, to them, was the same as being left behind. Being left behind meant that you were not a possessor of â€Å"the right stuff†. Attempting to become the first man in space meant opening their minds to whatever challenges may lie ahead, unknown as they may be.Though the competition to be the first man in space was looked upon as saving a nation, the competition between the pilots extended not outside of the seven as evidenced by John Gl enn’s thought â€Å"Competition was competition, and there was no use pretending it didn’t exist† (Wolfe). From the challenge to become a pilot, to fighter pilot, to test pilot, to setting and breaking records, to being selected to become an astronaut, to being the first in space, to the first in orbit, to the first on the moon†¦the challenges were never-ending. Each step of the way you are climbing a ladder and becoming one of the ever more elite few, one to be remembered, regaled. Not only was one who was considered made of â€Å"the right stuff† one of the elite few. The challenges he overcame allowed him to look down his nose adoringly at the â€Å"average† person. The â€Å"feeling of superiority, appropriate to him and to his kind, lone bearers of the right stuff† (Wolfe) placed the pilots, in their minds, on the same order and deserving of the same adoration as the Pope himself.There are not many others who can feel they deserve papal treatment for career accomplishments, hence the reason Wolfe places the first seven astronauts on a pedestal. Let us assume the reason there may not be one all-encompassing definition of â€Å"the right stuff† is because that same â€Å"right stuff† does not apply across the board to everyone as evidenced by the selection of pilots to become astronauts (mere convenience ).Consider the fact that â€Å"†¦more fighter pilots die in automobiles than in airplanes† (Wolfe). Their invincibility seems to pertain only to their exploits off the ground for which they have trained and conditioned for years. One could argue that astronauts are no more made of the right stuff than race car drivers, fire fighters, combat soldiers, teachers or parents even. In conclusion, â€Å"the right stuff† seems as elusive and indefinable as the term â€Å"stuff†.To further deduce stuff to right stuff is even more complicated. On a broader plane, I believe that Wolfe relates the something that not every man possesses to the astronauts because they were a nation’s role models. They defined an era, a moment in history not to be repeated. They set a standard that can continue to be built upon, but will only be surpassed in a day and age that none of the currently living will be alive to witness. Moreover, â€Å"the right stuff† can be applied to anyone.Not everyone can do everything, yet there is a certain characteristic a person must possess to accomplish the feat he or she sets out to conquer. Once achieved, one is now a possessor of â€Å"the right stuff† in his or her own rite. Annotated Bibliography Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff. New York, NY: Picador, 1979. Wolfe’s novel recounts the experiences and lives of fighter pilots and astronauts of the first manned space program. He tries to relay to the reader what it is these individuals possessed that gave them the ardour to accomplish the unknown, the never before attempted. How to cite Right Stuff, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Anasazi Great Houses of the Chaco Canyon Region Essay Example For Students

Anasazi Great Houses of the Chaco Canyon Region Essay Native American architecture varies greatly from region to region throughout North America, and was influenced by factors such as climate, kind of community, and the natural environment. Whereas some buildings were designed and constructed for specified functions, others, such as Anasazi great houses, were massive multi-purpose structures. Because great houses from Chaco Canyon are so well preserved, it is possible to have a decent understanding of the structure of Anasazi architecture for analysis. A close examination of the innovative Anasazi great house architecture of the Chaco Canyon region reveals its utilitarian value. Chaco Canyon, located in northwest New Mexico, is full of plateaus and canyons. Though the area may appear unsuitable for habitation, the Anasazi were able to adapt to this environment by building homes using materials found in abundance around the Chaco Canyon region. (Fig. 1) The apartment style of building of great houses, multistoried communal strongholds1 , began to appear during the late ninth century, dying down into the twelfth century A.D.2 While wood usually had to be imported from a distance, sandstone was readily available and used primarily in this geometric style of architecture. Although no one knows the exact reasons why, the Anasazi moved to create these large complexes now known as great houses, breaking away from previously more traditional pithouse communities. Perhaps it was safer to commune as a large group, protecting themselves from enemies. Another possibility can be seen through examination of the heating and cooling benefits of the Chaco Canyon great house style of architecture. Solar energy and climate were major contributing factors in the building plans of Anasazi architecture. The climate can be harsh in the Four Corners region of the country, with extremely hot days and very cool nights, unbearably hot summers, and frigid winters. In order to protect the inhabitants from their environment, the Anasazi architects incorporated their knowledge of the effect of solar energy on building materials, as well as location of the sun in determining how the structures may most efficiently either absorb or reflect heat. A southern exposure would have taken advantage of the low, southern winter sun angle, helping keep rooms warm and light during colder seasons.3 In addition to heating and cooling the community, windows were strategically placed to focus the suns rays, during the summer solstice, through the complexity of the architecture of these great houses.4 The summer solstice was not the only time of the year that interesting lighting would project through Anasa zi homes; almost all great houses were constructed to face the south/southeast.5 As the sun rose in the winter, each room would warm progressively, and as the sun set, the insulation of the construction helped maintain a livable temperature. Another elemental factor in Chaco Canyon great house architecture was the greater ability to protect against wind and rain, as compared to smaller, less densely populated communities. Keeping most daily functions within one very large building area, work and play of the inhabitants did not have to suffer during inclement weather. Focusing primarily on utilitarian and geometric form, the Anasazi were able to construct architecture not before seen in the Four Corners region of the United States. The very innovative Anasazi architecture form focused around common needs of the inhabitants, centering around a relatively focused area that would provide most life sustaining functions within some small distance. Figure 2 is a view of the masonry of the rear wall of the great house at Pueblo Bonito, a Chaco Canyon community, as well as circular rooms with benches.6 Without any method of transportation aside from walking, the majority of daily functions must take place within a reasonable distance of a permanent settlement. It was important that water, food, and shelter all were readily available in a somewhat condensed area. Though at times it was necessary to use irrigation techniques while farming, the Anasazi people were able to cultivate plenty of corn, beans, and squash, which could be stored in grain rooms to pr ovide sustenance throughout the year. A source of water seems to have been one of the most important points in Anasazi building concepts. Though much of Anasazi great house architecture was built near a spring or other water source, most inhabitants of the Chaco Canyon region innovatively constructed dams and reservoirs to maintain the level of water they would need, to the best of their ability.7 This kind of water tapping was of great importance to the Anasazi people, as the environment of northwest New Mexico is extremely arid, leaving much of the naturally available water sources with very limited amounts. Night By Elie Wiesel (665 words) EssayWorks CitedBerlo, Janet C. and Ruth B. Phillips. Native North American Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Betancourt, Julio L., Jeffrey S. Dean, and Herbert M. Hull. Prehistoric Long-Distance Transport of Construction Beams, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. American Antiquity (April 1986): 370-4. Brody, J.J. The Rhetoric of Formalism: Interpreting Anasazi Architecture. In Anasazi Architecture and American Design, ed. Baker H. Morrow and V.B. Price, 5-15. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1997. Burley, Jon Bryan. Anasazi Site Planning: Historic Precedents, Modern Contructs, and Multi-Cultural Dynamics. Michigan State University, College of Social Sciences Home Page, Sept. 1995. Online. Available from: http://www.ssc.msu.edu/laej/historypapers/Burley3/Burley3text.html. Internet. Accessed 5 february 2001. Cameron, Catherine M. Room Size, Organization of Construction, and Archaeological Interpretation in the Puebloan Southwest. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (1999): 201-239. Dent, Stephen D. and Barbara Coleman. A Planners Primer: Lessons from Chaco. In Anasazi Architecture and American Design, ed. Baker H. Morrow and V.B. Price, 53-61. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1997. Encyclopedia Brittanica. Anasazi Culture. Encyclopedia Brittanica Home Page. 2000. Online. Available from http://www.brittanica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,7455+1+7369,00.html?query=anasazi. Internet. Accessed 7 February 2001. Lekson, Stephen H. Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Albuquerque: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1984. Royo, A.R. The Anasazi. Desert USA home Page, 1996-2001. Online. Available from: http://www.desertusa.com/indl/du_peo_ana.html. Internet. Accessed 5 February 2001. Scarborough, Vernon. Site Structure of a Village of the Late Pithouse-Early Pueblo Period in New Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology (Winter 1989) 405-25. Schreiber, Stephen D. Engineering Feats of the Anasazi: Buildings, Roads, and Dams. In Anasazi Architecture and American Design, ed. Baker H. Morrow and V.B. Price, 77-87. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1997. Stuart, David E. and Susan Moczygemba-McKinsey. Anasazi America: Seventeen Centuries on the Road from Center Place. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000. Van Dyke, Ruth M. The Chaco Connection: Evaluating Bonito-Style Architecture in Outlier Communities. Journal of Anthropological Architecture (December 1999) 471-506.

Tuesday, March 24, 2020

Demand Estimation Regression Analysis Essay Example

Demand Estimation: Regression Analysis Paper Demand Estimation: Regression Analysis, Elasticity, Forecasting Decisions Angel 991 Introduction It would be impossible for any business to survive if there were no demand for their product. Therefore, one of the most important attributes of managerial economics Is demand estimation. Demand estimation Is an Important tool because It helps the managers to estimate demand using a scientific method known as Econometrics. It is essential for a manager to be able to determine the appropriate variables of demand function, according to the textbook, Managerial Economics Applications: Strategies and Tactics, by James Michigan, R. Charles Moyer and Frederick Harris (2014), Effective decision making eventually requires the quantitative measurement of economic relationships (p. 100). Thus, when the variables of demand function are understood, it will be easier for management to make forecasting decisions with fewer errors. In this paper, demand estimation will be done through a regression analysis. This analysis will examine the elements that management should look at when determining demand for a product such as: price, competitors price, customer income, advertising and the cost of microwave ovens. When price elasticity of demand s elastic, the company should lower prices. When price elasticity of demand is inelastic, the firm should increase prices. When price elasticity of demand is unit elastic, changing the price will not change total revenue, since price and quantity will generally change in lock step with each other. For the scenario present in this paper, the price elasticity of this product is -. 008 which means a 1 percent increase in price of the product causes quantity demanded to drop by -8 percent; therefore, the demand of the product is relatively inelastic. According to Arthur Sullivan, Steven We will write a custom essay sample on Demand Estimation: Regression Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Demand Estimation: Regression Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Demand Estimation: Regression Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Suffering and Stephen Perez (2012), authors of the textbook, Survey of Economics: Principles, Applications and Tools, If the elasticity number is large, it means that the demand forth product is very elastic, or very responsive to changes in price. In contrast, a small number indicates that the demand for a product is very inelastic (p. 82). Thus, an increase in price may not have a huge impact to the customers. Next, the competitors price elasticity for this product is 0. 05 which means if price of competitor product increases by 1 percent, then quantity demanded of this product also increases by percent. Hence, this product is relatively inelastic to a competitors price and the company will not have much concern about the competitor because their pricing will not have any major effect on its own sales. In addition, income- elasticity is 1. 08 which means a 1 percent rise in the average income in the area. This will boost the quantity demanded of this product by 108 percent. This means that this product is relatively inelastic and the company will not have to concern itself too much with their consumer income when considering the pricing strategy. Also, annuity demanded will not be affected too much even if income increases or decreases. Furthermore, the adverting elasticity for this product is 0. 08. This will require a 1 percent increase in advertising expenses with increases in quantity demanded of only 8 percent; so, demand is relatively inelastic to advertising. Therefore the company should not increase the price because it could drive away customers. Lastly, microwave elasticity is . 05; therefore, the demand of the product is relatively inelastic. Thus, an increase in price will not have a huge impact on the customers willingness to buy microwavable foods. And so, in the long-term the Recommend Whether You Believe That this Firm Should or Should Not Cut Its Price to Increase Its Market Share. A price slash would increase quantity demanded because the products price elasticity is negative. However, the level of elasticity is a less than one. Revenue is maximized when the magnitude of elasticity is one. Therefore, a decrease in price will increase quantity demanded, and this will lead to a loss of sales. As the demand equation points out, demand of the low- calorie food can change due to a change in consumer income, price of competitor product and price of related goods (microwave oven). The change can also come as a result of change in consumer preference (like awareness towards low-calorie food). Supply of the product can change due to change in number of suppliers of the product, technological advances in the production and other factors like change in availability of labor and raw-material which directly affect production costs. In the regression equation, the Arsenals percent which is explained while 15 percent is unexplained and the T-stats is plus or minus two and in the equation it is 2. 5. The F- stats is weak because it is 4. 88 and the higher the number the better. Indicate the Crucial Factors that Could Cause Rightward Shifts and Leftward Shifts of the Demand and Supply Curves. A rightward shift of demand curve could be caused by an increase in consumer income, a decrease in price of complementary product like microwave ovens, an increase in population or increased preference for the product like awareness towards low-calorie food. In fact, An Increase (or Decrease) in Demand refers to a shift in the entire demand curve. Whenever there is a change in any factor increasing the demand for a good, aside from the price of the good itself, the demand curve shifts to the right and there has been an increase in demand (Manama, 2012) A leftward shift of demand curve can be caused by a drop in consumer income or secession, increase in price of complementary product like microwave ovens; moreover, An Increase (or Decrease) in Supply refers to a shift in the entire supply curve. Whenever there is a change in any factor that increases the supply of a good, other than a change in the goods price, the supply curve shifts to the right, yielding an increase in supply (Manama, 2012) A rightward shift of supply curve can be caused by technology advances in food processing, increased availability of cheap labor and raw material, increased tax cuts and government subsidies etc. A leftward shift can e caused due to a decrease in availability / increase in price of labor, raw materials and increased taxes. References Manama, N. G. (2012). Essentials of economics. (6th De. , up. 22-23). Mason, OH: South- Western Coinage Learning. Michigan,J. R. , Moyer, R. C. , Harris, F. H. Debt. (2014). Managerial economics: applications, strategies and tactics (13th De. ). Stamford, CT: Coinage Learning. Sullivan, A. , Suffering, S. , Perez, S. (2012). Survey of economics: principles, applications, and tools (5th De. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Friday, March 6, 2020

The Purpose of Judicial Review essays

The Purpose of Judicial Review essays What is Judicial Review? It is when the High court has to come in and review a decision that was made by the legislative or the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It is also an option when the State courts make a ruling and it is challenged by the defendant, to seek if their ruling was made by the guidelines of the Constitution of the United States. To further analyze a Judicial Review, it is the Supreme Court of the United State, whom by the founding fathers of this country wrote the Constitution of the United States. At the time of the signing of the Constitution it did give the power to the Justices of the court to decide whether laws line up with the Constitution or they dont. It wasnt until the 1800s that this power was granted to the Courts to in other words become the watch dogs of this country in order to make sure that we the people have and enjoy the protections granted to us by the Constitution of the United States. Interesting enough, there are state and a federal courts. However, the Supreme court is the highest court in the land. In the Constitution, there are certain articles and one of the articles that give credence to the laws of the Supreme Court is Article VI, Clause 2. This Article is known as the Supremacy Clause. The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution paraphrase says that the Supreme Court and its laws are the supreme laws of the United States. It also subjects all of the state laws to line up with constitution and that no state laws shall be in violations of laws that dont line up with the Constitution. The States have an obligation to uphold what is known through the Constitution as a national law. National law is the Constitution this is what the Nations laws are based on. If the laws dont line up with the Constitution then they are brought to the Supreme Court of the United States where they will review the constitutionality of the law.The state court ...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Any topic concerning US or World economy(within the past month to Article - 1

Any topic concerning US or World economy(within the past month to date) using an WSJ , web or any newspaper - Article Example Allowing religious services on schools would identify schools with Christianity which is usually practiced on Sundays. In 1995, the city was sued by the Bronx Household of Faith for the policy, arguing for the protection of religious freedom that was supposedly violated by the prevailing policy. While the church generally holds services in the Public School 15 on the Bronx, it has constructed a new community space for worshipping in the vicinity. In 1998,the church lost the lawsuit but won space inside the school temporarily on the year 2002 when the city was stopped from enforcing the ban by a federal judge. The church win in the District Court in 2012, but the decision was overruled by the Second Circuit. Despite the fact that the mayors decision is against the schools Chancellors previous public statements, many people approve of the mayors decision as it gives more freedom to the religious organizations in the

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Student Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Student Response - Essay Example The posting indicates that Israel was the key cause of the conflict between these nations. I agree that the Shi’ite and anti-Israeli movement was created in response to Israel failing to execute its intended purpose, which was to free Lebanon . I believe that after successfully freeing Lebanon and having the conflict terminated, Israel went further to indicate a reluctance in vacating the country. It led to an uproar from the public. This piece is exceptional in its narration despite the fact that it ignored some of the key elements of the paper. Similarly, I believe that Lebanon was the greatest beneficiary. Response Post 2 I agree that the greatest loser of the war is the Israelites. One of the key evidences the student presents is the fact that Israel would have avoided engaging in the conflict altogether, as this led to twenty plus years of deployment of Israel soldiers and resources, which must have cost the government a bundle. In the paper the student argues " †¦ quick, compelling success is not how it played out. I believe that Israel spent over twenty years dealing with Lebanon." Arguably, you have also cited Hezbollah as the greatest beneficiary, giving similar reasons as those cited in the paragraph above. The fact that Lebanon was freed, the country was able to send Israel out of the country. I agree with both choices for the greatest beneficiaries and the greatest losers.

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Impact Of Floods In Low Lying Areas Environmental Sciences Essay

Impact Of Floods In Low Lying Areas Environmental Sciences Essay Vijayawada city is situated on the banks of river Krishna. Floods affect the city many times, which creates damage to the people and properties. The city has faced many floods since long back. The aim of the study is to find out the factors which are responsible for the floods in the city and the impact of the floods in the low lying areas (which are mostly affected) of Vijayawada. This study will be useful to work out the measures to handle the floods in the city. A few suggestions have been given to tackle the damaging phenomenon of the floods. Keywords: Vijayawada, Krishna River, Budameru canal, Floods, INTRODUCTION: Vijayawada is the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Over the years, Vijayawada has been experiencing extensive development coupled with high urban growth. It is an important commercial and transport centre of the State. Being a big city people from all over the country are migrating to Vijayawada for their livelihood irrespective of their caste and creed. The rapid urbanization in the city has led to increase the problem of settlements with the unsafe locations which ultimately causes natural disaster. In addition to this, heavy rains in this area have been causing frequent floods with roads in many places submerged for several hours and the road traffic coming to a halt, bringing in considerable damage to public and private properties. Floods are the most damaging phenomena that effect to the social and economic of the population. It is one of the major disasters affecting the population especially those living in high risk areas, in the flood plains and the low lyi ng areas causing extensive damage to properties and even loss of lives. But before studying the impact of the floods in the low lying areas of Vijayawada, let us first understand the meaning of Floods. A  Flood  is an overflow of water that submerges land.  The  European Union  (EU)  Floods Directive  defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a  river  or  lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries,  or may be due to accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an aerial flood Floods are caused by many factors: heavy rainfall, highly accelerated  snowmelt, severe winds over water, unusual high tides,  tsunamis, or failure of dams,  levees,  retention ponds, or other structures that retained the water. Flooding can be exacerbated by increased amounts of impervious surface or by other natural hazards such as wildfires, which reduce the supply of vegetation that can absorb rainfall. The factors which are responsible for the flooding of Vijayawada city will be studied in a detailed manner in the following study. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CITY: The city is sited at the foot of a low range hills on the northern bank of the river Krishna with its cardinal points as 16 ° 31 North latitude and 80 ° 37 East longitude, around 70 km away from the coast. The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by four canals, four hills and the river Krishna. Vijayawada when approached from Guntur is welcomed by the historic gates across the holy river Krishna. The way to Machilipatnam runs parallel to Budameru canal and crosses two other canals. There are four major hills: a) Indrakiladri Hill b) Machavaram Hill c) Gunadala Hill d) Moghalrajapuram Hill The natural slope of the old town is falling from north to south whereas the new town slopes down from west to east. When compared to the old town, the new town is flat and hence makes drainage less effective. Though the city is protected from high flood banks in the southern side, the low-lying lands are not immune to floods. Indrakiladri hill (One town Vidyadharapuram):- The areas covered by Indrakiladri hill are popularly known as I Town and Vidyadharapuram. It is located on the West Side and Northern Side of Vijayawada City. The height of the hills is about 240 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 10 km. The areas such as Ramarajaya Nagar, Kummaraalem, 4-Pillar center, Ali Nagar, Kabela Road are falling with in this hill area. Mogalrajapuram hill Mogalarajpuram Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the Eastern side of Vijayawada city. The maximum height of the hills is about 250 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 6 kms. The areas such as Dasari Ramana Nagar, Ravi Chettu Center, Sunnapubattila Center are falling within these hill areas. Machavaram hill Machavaram Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the East Side of Vijayawada City. The maximum height of the hills is about 240 Mts. The perimeter of the the hill area is about 4 km. The areas such as Karimkanagar, Gulammohiddin Nagar, Maruthinagar are falling within these hill areas. Gundala hill Gunadala Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the Eastern Side of Vijayawada city. The maximum height of the hills is about 242 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 10 km. The areas such as Ayyapanagar, Kristurajapuram, Vijayanagar Colony, Arunlagar, Lurthnagar, Betlahem Nagar etc. are falling within these hill areas. Source of the Information: MRO (Urban), Revenue Dept, Vijayawada. Canals:- The Krishna Eastern Main Canal on the left bank of Krishna River, after traversing for one km gets divided into three canals; Eluru canal, Bandar canal and Ryves canal traversing the inner city. Apart from these, Budameru stream skirts the city limits to pass through the rural part of the VMC. Bandar Canal The canal traverses for a distance of 7.5 km on the southern side of the city. For free movement of traffic, the canal has 10 bridges built across it. Ryves Canal The canal flows for a distance of around 7.6 km on the north-eastern side of the city. There are about 8 bridges across it. Eluru Canal The canal runs for a total distance of around 65 km in Krishna and West Godavari districts. There are about six road bridges, two railway bridges and two foot-over bridges across the canal. Land Use Profile The city area can be broadly divided into two categories one Developed area and the second Undeveloped area. Of the Vijayawada corporation area of 6188 ha, the developed land part of the city covers 3753 ha accounting for around 61% of the city area, leaving 2435 ha undeveloped. Land Use Composition: Vijayawada, 2004 S.No Land Use Area in Ha. % to developed area % to total area Developed component 1. Residential ( Built -up ) 1348.25 35.92 21.79 2. Mixed-Residential ( Built -up ) 141.36 3.77 2.28 3. Residential vacant plots 229.02 6.10 4.11 4. Commercial 247.91 6.6 4.01 5. Industrial 72.38 1.93 1.17 6. Public Semi- public 270.16 7.2 4.37 7. Institutional 178.31 4.75 2.88 8. Parks Play grounds 60.34 1.60 0.56 9. Recreational / Others 3.1 0.08 0.05 10. Roads 800.81 21.34 12.94 11. Railway 190.49 5.08 3.08 12. Water Bodies ( Canals Others) 211.26 5.63 3.41 Sub Total 3753.39 100 60.65 Un-Developed component 13. Agricultural Area 885.97 36.40 14.32 14. Vacant Lands 618.27 25.39 9.99 15. Water Bodies ( River) 668.42 27.45 10.80 16. Hills 262.06 10.76 4.23 Sub Total 2434.72 100.00 39.35 Grand Total 6188.11 100.00 100.00 Source: VGTMUDA Rivers and Dams There are two rivers flowing from Vijayawada Krishna River Budameru river/Drain which creates havoc during rainy season. Krishna River The River Krishna takes of its origin in the Western Ghats at an elevation of (+) 1336 Mts and runs for a length of about 1400 km and runs through Vijayawada city and joins at Bay of Bengal. The length of Krishna River up to Prakasam Barrage is about 1310 km. The flow of the river is managed partially by the Nagarjuna Sagar dam which is located to the west of Krishna District and Prakasam Barrage which is located at the beginning of the city. The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13km and below flood bank is 6.40 km which creates havoc in flood season which starts from June to December. Water release from barrage with 4, 12,734 to 10, 94,422 Cusecs is been observed over the years. Dam management Since the main purpose of the dam is to provide irrigation, the dam authorities try to fill the reservoirs during the monsoon to ensure water availability for the farmers in the surrounding districts during summers. Therefore occurrence of severe rainfall (1 day or 2 day extreme precipitation) due to cyclone or depression during the latter half of the monsoon season in the lower and middle Krishna basin leads sudden increase in the reservoir level forcing the dam authorities to release water which sometime exceeds the carrying capacity of the river. This leads to flooding along the downstream. Flood Banks The total length of flood bank in Krishna District (within which the Vijayawada city is located) is 226.98 km. The flood banks of the River Krishna were originally formed in 1892. The flood banks were provided on both sides of the River up to sea as detailed below to contain the flood water with in the flood banks and there by protect the properties and human lives etc in Krishna District. Details of Flood Banks in Krishna District S.No. Details Of The Flood Banks Length In km 1. Krishna Left flood bank (above Prakasam Barrage) 13.00 2. Krishnalanka Flood bank (below Prakasam Barrage) 6.40 3. Krishna Left flood Bank (below Prakasam Barrage) 89.60 4. Divi Left flood bank 36.00 5. Divi Right Flood Bank 32.00 6. K.E. Tidal Bank Divi Island 22.00 7. Kona Tidal Bank (Machilipatnam Side) 18.50 8. Seadyke Flood Bank (Machilipatnam Side) 2.50 9. West Side Flood Bank (Machilipatnam Side) 6.00 10. Rudravaram Flood Bank (Machilipatnam Side) 4.00 Total 230.00 Source: Irrigation Dept Krishna Lanka Flood Bank: (3.38 km): This flood bank was formed during 1967 to protect the residents of Krishnalanka of Vijayawada city. Embankments /Flood Bank locations S.No Name of the Embankment Length of the Embankment in km Area covered Length of the Embakment within the ward 1 Krishna Left Flood Bank(Above Barrage) From ( Ibrhimpatnam to Prakasham Barage) 13km IbrahimPatnam to BhavaniPuram 6km 2 Bhavani puram To Karakatta South 5km 3 Krakatta South to Lanchi revu/Punnami Hotel 2km 1 Krishna Left Flood bank (Bellow Prakasham Barrage) From Brrage to Ramalaingeswara Nagar (Krishna Lanka) 6.40km Ranadheevi nagar 2 2 Taraka Ramanagar 1.40 3 Bhupesh Gupta Nagar 1 4 Ramalingeswar Nagar 2 Budameru River/Drain Information given in the following pages. Floods Floods are caused by two rivers in the Vijayawada. One is Krishna River which is on the southern part of the city and the other is Budameru River which is on the North- Western part of the city. Both these rivers contribute to the canal network. Bandar canal and Ryves canal are fed by Krishna River while Eluru canal is fed by Krishna River and partially by Budameru River. The contribution of water from Budameru is mostly seasonal and the canal networks are used to discharge excess/flood waters. The topography of the city is complex. The central part of the city is above flood plain with hills while Southern and Northern parts of the city are on flood plain. This problem was realized by the irrigation department in later half of twentieth century and bunds were constructed along canals to prevent flood waters from entering the city. The floods in Vijayawada city due to Krishna River, is a regular phenomenon. Almost every monsoon people living in the flood plains of Krishna River are affected. Krishna Floods The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement. Flood in the River Krishna are both due to South West Monsoon in the middle of June and continues up to end of September and North East Monsoon begins in October and continues till end of November. High floods usually occur during October. History of Hazard In general, flooding by the Krishna River is a regular phenomenon. The flood history of Krishna River indicates that its flow is uncertain. With the embankments in place the river flows bank to bank almost once in every five years or twice every decade. This time span of five years usually encourages low economic class people to settle on the flood bank. Further the presence of embankments provide a false sense of security to the people and also encourages people who are on the river bed that soon the government is going to construct a embankment that will protect their house. With the rapid increase in population, large numbers of people end up occupying the area between the flood bank along the Bandar canal and the Krishna River. These areas are subjected to regular flooding during monsoons. In order to safe guard the people and the livelihood the Irrigation department constructed a flood bank parallel to the old bund including the unauthorized settlements which had come up. This s tructure was designed to prevent the settlements from flooding. The old flood bank was then converted to serve the purpose of transportation (currently NH5). The people who were earlier residing in flood plain were provided with legal ownership and the area was included within the city town planning scheme. Year Wise observed Maximum Floods in Krishna River Sl.No. Date Month Year Cusecs U/S Side D/S Side Barrage 1. 7th Oct 1903 10,60,830 (+)70.55 (+)69.55 23.50 2. 11th Aug 1914 9,48,632 (+)68.20 (+)67.95 21.15 3. 2nd Nov 1917 9,55,460 (+)68.10 (+)67.25 21.05 4. 24th Sep 1949 9,24,736 (+)68.15 (+)66.00 21.10 5. 2nd Oct 1964 9,87,852 (+)68.25 (+)65.30 23.20 6. 6th Aug 1966 4,12,734 (+)57.95 (+)55.90 12.90 7. 30th Sept 1974 5.97.800 (+)60.65 (+)58.40 15.60 8. 10th July 1983 8,27,310 (+)64.05 (+)62.35 19.00 9. 24th July 1989 6,86,910 (+)61.95 (+)55.0 16.90 10. 17th Oct 1998 9,32,000 (+)65.45 (+)63.30 20.04 11. 21st Sept 2005 7,40,232 (+)62.65 (+)60.00 17.60 12. 17th Aug 2006 5,56,618 (+)59.85 (+)57.60 14.80 13. 21st Sept 2007 5,56,618 (+)59.85 (+)57.60 14.80 14. 11th Aug 2008 4,22,660 (+)57.55 (+)55.20 12.50 15. 5th Oct 2009 10,94,422 (+)68.78 (+)67.50 23.47 Source: Irrigation Dept The maximum flood discharge observed during the year 1903 is 10.60 lakh cusecs. After the construction of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in the upstream of the river, during the year 1998 Krishna River received a maximum flood discharge of 9.32 lakh cusec and caused alarming situation throughout the flood banks below the Prakasam Barrage. Subsequently the flood banks of Krishna River were restored to original standards during the year 1999 to 2000.These restorations did not include flood banks which are within and nearby Vijayawada city namely Krishna Left Flood Bank (upstream of Prakasam Barrage) and Krishnalanka Flood Bank (downstream of Prakasam Barrage). Reasons for Krishna Flood This region receives maximum rainfall both by southwest and retreating monsoons. The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement. Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the delta-irrigated lands. Flood bank below barrage is about 6.40 km which creates havoc in flood season from June to December. High Water release at time from barrage with 4, 12,734 to 10, and 94,422 Cusecs of water released in various years. Developmental activities like sluice connectivity to into the river is causing back water (3 sluices connected into river). Bund cutting for public private developmental activities (ex: sluice, storm water drains) approach roads for bigger vehicles. Allotting the residential areas officially in flood zone. Ex: Police colony. Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the flood bank with slips and erosion. With little authoritative power over the settlements along the flood banks, the irrigation department is unable to attend swiftly in vulnerable areas. This situation is further complicated by the false hope provided by the politicians in their campaigns during elections that they would support these illegal settlements. In order to gain vote, some of them even promise to protect these people by assuring that once they are elected they would legalize their settlements and will also revisiting the existing embankments. This measure was taken in 1970s when the location of embankments were changed to include people who are in the flood plains. Elevation and location details of Flood affected areas Elevation and location details of Flood affected areas Area Elevation Longitude Latitude Krishna River 37 Ft. Krishna Lanka 86 Ft. 1603017.70 N 8003622.61 E Krishna Lanka 72-83 Ft. 1603012.64 N 8003719.48 E P.N.Bus stand 85 Ft. 1603030.54 N 8003659.67 E VMC 97 Ft. 1603038.41 N 8003642.15 E Krishna Lanka Tardwra 62-73-74Ft. 1603727. 80N 8003011.79 E Ranadhive Nagar 74-79 Ft. 1603020.69 N 8003712.75 E Bus Stand back 69 Ft. 1603022.00 N 8003700.54 E Bhupesh Gupta Nagar 55-64 Ft. 1602946.92 N 8003807.91 E Ramalingeswara Nagar UGD 53 Ft. 1602907.94 N 8003921.17 E Police Colony 59 Ft. 1602908.01 N 8003924.18 E K.R.Market 81 Ft. 1603048.62 N 8003649.36 E Indira Gandhi Stadium 70 Ft. 1603017.72 N 8003817.23 E RTC Colony 85 Ft. 1603151.24 N 8003615.21 E Gannavaram 80 Ft. 1603150.99 N 8004745.57 E Patamata girls High School 69 Ft. 1602943.39 N 8004005.38 E Krishna River at Punnami 52 Ft. 1603128.76 N 8003508.48 E Punnami Ghat 82 Ft. 1603134.71 N 8003516.88 E Source: Irrigation Dept List of vulnerable areas to the Krishna flood Vulnerability population area Area Krishna Flood 15557 1.15 Lanchi Revu 15722 1.88 karakatta Krishna Flood 15814 2.81 Police colony 14798 0.65 Bhupesh Gupta nagar 14608 0.5 Tarakaramanagar 14725 1.46 Randheer Nagar 15418 0.72 15320 1.92 Busstand (back)Saibaba temple 121962 11.09 Source: irrigation Dept Budameru Floods The Budameru River flows from the North Western part of the Krishna District. The river originates in the hills surrounding Mylavaram and flows into Kolleru Lake. In order to control the floods the river is dammed at Velagaleru village, Budameru diversion channel (BDC) is constructed from Velagaleru to join Krishna River upstream of Prakasam barrage. Budameru River is mainly controlled at two areas before reaching Vijayawada city. The first is the regulator across the Budameru drain at Velagaleru village and at Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS) which is located on the western part of the city on the upstream of Prakasam barrage. The Budameru River apart from flowing along the western part of the city towards the VTPS also enters the city from the north leading into the Budameru canal which runs parallel to Eluru Canal. The problem starts at the tail end of the monsoon, with the reservoir being almost full (but not to its full capacity) and the occurrence of severe rainfall. Since the mandate of the regulator management at Budameru is to fill the reservoir to its capacity and the uncertainty within the rainfall information the release from the regulator drain block, water flow from local catchment causes flooding usually in the northern part of the city The uncertainty in the rainfall is a common phenomenon within the Krishna Basin. This is especially due to the depressions and cyclones which form in both the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. This uncertainty combined with the limited carrying capacity of the river and the proximity of the Velagaleru Village regulator provides low respite time for both the administrative personnel to prevent the floods and people to prevent their losses. The design and establishment of the EWS should take into account of this important aspect. The Budameru flood assessment is based on the study of topography and location information collected from secondary sources. There was not much information made available with respect to the regulator release at the Velagaleru Village. Budameru canal has already been indiscriminately blocked by developments and encroachments resulting in thousands of people abandoning their shelters to safe places, loss of property, leaving unhygienic environment for weeks. Settlement along the river course, the vast land pockets on both the sides of the rivulet in New Rajarajeswari Peta, and the Rajeev Nagar area are the prominent low lying areas prove to flood disaster. History Budameru Water discharge during floods Quantified Budameru Water discharge during floods Sl. No. Date Year Discharge Through Total Discharge in cusecs Budameru in cusecs Diversion Channel in Cusecs Budameru Course Cusecs (below reguletor) 1 9.9.62 5900 2923 8823 2 22.8.63 6150 6168 12318 3 22.9.64 11125 28470 39595 4 19.5.69 7500 18580 26080 5 21.8.71 526 3196 3722 6 10.8.76 2225 14784 17009 7 31.7.78 6150 16302 22452 8 6.10.83 4250 9600 13850 9 13.8.86 6800 13200 20000 10 23.7.89 10625 24371 34996 11 11.5.90 7800 24473 32273 12 23.9.91 7500 18572 26072 13 24.8.2000 7850 3699 11549 14 20.9.2005 10945 14000 24945 15 20.9.2005 9900 7100 17000 Source: Irrigation Dept Rainfall and Flood particulars Rainfall and Flood particulars Flood flow (Cusecs) Year Rainfall (MM) Flood flow (Cusecs) Actual Normal 1988-89 1264 1029 24371 1989-90 1580 1029 24473 1990-91 921 1029 18572 2005-06 1239 1034 14000 2008-09 1188 1034 7100 Reasons for Budameru Floods Flood plain While Krishna River flooding affects to the flood plains on the outside of the embankments, but the Budameru River affects the entire North and North western part of the city. This is mainly due to the limited carrying capacity of the Budameru river channel and lack of sufficient mechanisms to drain the excess water during severe rain into the Krishna River. The problem arises when Budameru catchment gets more than average rainfall within 24 48 hours. This leads to the reservoir in the Velagaleru village reach critical level forcing the irrigation department to release water causing floods in Vijayawada. Adding rain water from local catchment and Hills. 2. The settlements The population growth of the city has led to the slow movement of people towards the foot of the hills, which later led to expansion in to the flood zones. Even though much of these settlements are unauthorized the municipality attempts to cater to the basic needs of these illegal settlements by providing services such as roads, water supply and sanitation. These privileges have further encouraged the settlements in expanding in the high slope / risk prone areas. Other reasons Non feasible house constructions Silting of drains Back water due to conjution in storm water (HB colony, Bhavnipuram) Raising the road levels in flood path Occupying the flood bunds Cutting the bund for development activities like bus shelters, beautification etc (Singh Nagar) Less awareness about the situation and negligence about the problem among people. Besides this chocking storm rain water canals, sluice and back water also cause the Budameru flood severely and damage the lives and property Elevation details of probable Flood affected areas with Budameru Area Elevation Longitude Latitude Ajit Singh Nagar 75 Ft. 1603221.66 N 8003828.52 E Vambay Colony 68 Ft. 1603214.17 N 8003917.80 E R.R.Pet 72 Ft. 1603159.80 N 8003747.60 E Budameru at New R.R.Pet 67 Ft. 1603207.69 N 8003753.65 E Rajeev Nagar 67 Ft. 1603215.18 N 8003912.40 E R.R.Peta field 67 Ft. 1603243.98 N 8003725.68 E Jakkampudi 91 Ft. 1603501.71 N 8003655.58 E LBS Nagar 68 Ft. 1603259.87 N 8003655.58 E Andhra Patrika Colony 1603300.92 N 8003841.56 E Rajeev Nagar 64 Ft. 1603322.73 N 8003845.93 E LBS Nagar 68 Ft. 1603257.55 N 8003858.98 E List of Budameru flood effected areas Budameru effecting Areas S. No. population Area(Sq km) Circle Division Areas 1 7744.5 0.64 I 29 Rotary nagar, Ekalayvya nagar,Urmila subbarao nagar,ambedkar road,Kabela 2 7396.5 0.49 30 KLRao Nagar 7814.5 0.21 31 Deenadayal Nagar,Ambedkar nagar 4 7861 0.94 27 Ambedkar Road 5 15201 1.25 28 Housingboard colony, Labor colony Subtotal 46017.5 3.53 6 10 15 15355 0.33 2 36 Deenadayal Nagar,Ambedkar nagar 16 13023 0.56 49 Old RR Peta 17 14092 4.21 52

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten

Bilingual Education: Beneficial for Kindergarten to Catch it Young By M. H 7th December 2012 Abstract: Research has shown that bilingual education has positive effect on kindergarten children. The purpose of this research was to study the benefits of bilingual education, which further helped in recommending marketing campaign for the Canadian kindergarten school to increase enrolments. Several analyses were taken into account like â€Å"Simon Task† and core group task to understand the benefits. Study reveals that bilingual children perform better cognitive, analytical tasks and have better success rate than monolingual children.Keywords: Children, Bilingualism, Kindergarten, Cognitive, Bilingual, Education, Monolingual Page | 1 Introduction This report aims to address positive effects of bilingual education on young children and to provide recommendations to Canadian kindergarten school through marketing campaign to increase kindergarten student enrolment. Different research methodology taken into account in this report, which has been extracted from researches done by PhD students, professors, doctors and scientists to provide evidence on the benefits of learning in two languages.One of the approaches considered in this report was â€Å"Simon Task† conducted by Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada. This provides empirical evidence that bilingual kids outperform cognitive tasks than monolingual flock. Moreover, Bilingual children are more creative, intellectual and have longer attention span. Findings 1. 1 Perform Cognitive Tasks Better Several researches were undertaken in the past 20 years; to prove bilingual children are superior to monolingual kids.In the recent past, Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada evaluated children aged between 4-6 years. During their research, they made two core groups, one group was monolingual who were fluent in their native language . i. e. French or English and another; group was bilingual (with proficiency in both the languages, written and oral). The idea was to test cognitive ability of the core group for which â€Å"Simon Task† method was considered. It is a universal method practised by scientists to understand how human mind functions and performs certain tasks.The aim was to understand how kids respond to different colours and visuals. Hence, kids were asked to separate different shapes as per their colour and size, generated by computer which popped up from different sides of the screen. Results were surprising as bilingual children were more accurate than monolingual group. Study depicts that bilingual brain functions faster and has divergent thinking skills which allows brain to recognize and differentiate different objects at the same time. Therefore, bilingual children tend to be smarter than monolingual peers and perform cognitive tasks better. . 2 More Creative with Analytical Abilities A rese arch conducted by Dr Lauchlan in Scotland and Sardinia, Italy- 121 children under age of 9 were taken in a group with monolingual and bilingual abilities, and were asked to perform different mathematical, creative, linguistic and physical assignments. The emphasis was to evaluate how children respond to different tasks. The bilingual learner’s performance and intellectual capabilities were significantly higher i. e. (52%) than monolingual peers (48%) (Refer figure 1. 2) Page | 2Figure 1. 2 Pie chart adapted from data provided by Dr Strathclyde research. 1. 3 Greater Success Rate There has been sufficient evidence, which reveals that bilingualism is an asset, as it provides higher employment rates over monolingual person. As stated in 2006 Canadian census, knowledge of French and English provide more job opportunities as compared to knowledge of French or English alone. Refer to the following graph (figure 3. 3) Fi gure 3. 3 Page | 3 It is apparent from the graph that bilingua l people have higher job prospects.This is an era of globalization, where most of the organizations are multinational. Hence, organizations prefer to hire employees who are proficient in different languages and understand diverse cultures. 1. 4 Brain Development â€Å"Children who learn a second language before the age of five have been shown to have denser grey matter in their brains than their monolingual peers† (Dai, 2012). According to Cumming (2005) research shows brain has two prominent tissues visible to eyes known as white and grey matter. Source: Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757.In 2004 research conducted by Dr Mechelli and his team at University College, London, revealed similar results. During their research they evaluated brains of monolingual and bilingual people who were introduced to second language early in their life. One set of group started learning second language at the age of 2 and another people were introduced to new language at the ag e of 30. The study reveals, those who initiated learning second language early had better command and proficiency in second language. Furthermore, density of grey matter on the left side of their brain was higher. Grey matter is combination of â€Å"head† nerves functions for coordination and communication) Conclusions: It is apparent that children who start learning in two languages at early age have cognitive and linguistic benefits over children who are mono-linguistic. Also, it prepares children for future to get better employment. Diversity comes naturally to bilingual children as it helps them to grow, understand different aspects of life and prepares them to adjust in multicultural environment, as they imbibe certain characteristics during the course of time.Due to these characteristics it makes children smarter and more confident as they learn in two languages. Page | 4 Recommendations: ? Canadian kindergarten school should work on integrated marketing methodology to lure and educate parents on the benefits of bilingual education. Publicise print ads in newspaper, magazines and different educational websites focusing on curriculum inculcated by school, to ensure their focus is to flourish analytical and cognitive skills of kids while they learn two languages as bilingual kids tend to become sharper day by day. ? School should conduct ducational fairs near school vicinity to provide information and familiarise parents about bilingual education. Especially for a strong economy like Canada where people are expected to speak two languages. When children are introduced to second languages early in their life they learn quickly, master the art of language and become proficient as they are agile and creative. ? Prospective parents should be invited for personal webinar and chat sessions on school website. Prime focus should be on how dual language learning can transform kid’s life in a positive manner as it provides exposure to different culture and diversities.Perhaps, helps children later in their life for better employment opportunities. ? E-mailers and Direct mailers should be sent to parents emphasizing the fact that a child’s brain grows faster with bilingual education . Also, it builds analytical, mental, linguistic and creative skills by allowing brain to respond to two different languages. Page | 5 References 1. â€Å"Bilingual children ‘better at problem-solving skills† 2012, Scotland (UK),United Kingdom, Scotland, viewed on 24th Nov 2012, ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-19109883; 2. 3.CummingW(2005),† The capacity of the brain in learning multiple languages†, London Sage Dai, A,2012, It’s a Small World After All from, viewed 23 rd Nov 2012 http://www. thethunderproject. org/its-a-small-world-after-all/#more-1053 4. Genesee, F 2004, ‘What do we know about bilingual education for majority language students? ’, in TK Bhatia & W Ritchie (eds ), Handbook of bilingualism and multiculturalism, Blackwell, Malden, pp. 547576. 5. Hitti ,M,2004,†Being Bilingual Boosts Brain Power† MDHelth news, viewed 25 th Nov 2012 6. Lowry ,L, â€Å"Are Two Languages Better than One†, The Hanen Centre, viewed 24 th Nov 2012, ; http://www. anen. org/Helpful-Info/Our-Views-on-the-News/Are-Two-Languages-Better-Than-One. aspx; 7. â€Å"Language Learning and the Developing Brain† (1996, winter). Learning Languages, 1 (2), 17. 8. MarianV, Faroqi-Shah, Y, Kaushanskaya,M, H. K & & Sheng,L. 2009, â€Å"Bilingualism: Consequences for Language, Cognition, Development, and the Brain†, Asha Leader, vol. 14, no. 13,pp. 10-13, viewed 20th Nov 2012. 9. Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757 10. â€Å"The advantages of bilingualism in Canada† 2008, Canadian council on learning, viewed on 25 th Nov2012, Page | 6

Friday, January 10, 2020

Our freedom to make ethical choices is only an apparent freedom Essay

Agent Smyth: Why, Mr. Anderson? Why do you do it? Why get up? Why keep fighting? Do you believe you’re fighting for something? For more than your survival? Can you tell me what it is? Do you even know? Is it freedom? Or truth? Perhaps peace? Yes? No? Could it be for love? Illusions, Mr. Anderson. Vagaries of perception. The temporary constrects of a feeble human intellect trying to desperately to justify an existence that is without meaning or purpose. And all of them as artificial as the Matrix itself, although only a human mind could invent something as insipid as love. You must be able to see it, Mr. Anderson. You must know it by now. You can’t win. It’s pointless to keep fighting. Why, Mr. Anderson? Why? Why do you persist?! Neo: Because I choose to. In every person the most basic desire of all is to be free, being able to act at will, not under compulsion or restraint. As I democratic society, we like to think of ourselves of being 100% free, but we are not. In every choice we make there are compulsions and restraints inflicting on the choices we have ever made from the beginning. The older and more independent we appear to be the more of these constraints we are compelled with. These choices we make can be applied to morality. There are many ways in which our freedom, in reality, is limited. By law we are restricted to acts that systems of government deem acceptable. Social acceptance means the majority to act within a bracket of normality and within bounds of what is socially acceptable. If I wanted to go to school naked on every Friday I would socially and lawfully be unable to this. Therefore I am not free to express myself due to external laws forced upon me against my free will. However even though these laws are in place I still have the power to break them therefore making me free. Merovingian: Please Mon Cherie, I have told you, we are all victims of causality. I drank too much wine, I must take a piss. Cause, and effect. Au revoir. Causality also means that I a person can never truly become free. If I already know the consequences of an action then my choice has already confined. For example I would like to throw microwaves off motorway bridges but I know that this may cause innocent motorists to die therefore I don’t. The mind with which we make our decisions has been influenced by a whole range of external factors. These must reduce our moral responsibility and hence be restricting of true freedom. Personal and psychological differences within people will provide them with different abilities and hence different freedoms and limitations. People can only act in the way that their personalities allow them, by causing them to react to situations in a specific way. But what if free will is non-existent and we are only convinced we have self-control because devices in fact control us beyond our own perception. In this case everything is pre determined and the choices we face are pre decided for us leaving us with the illusion that we have chosen ourselves and decided our own fate; exercised free will. Morpheus: Everything begins with choice. Merovingian: No, wrong. Choice is an illusion created between those with power, and those without Hard determinism, considers everything in the present to be directly caused by events that preceded them. Everything including the actions we take and the choices we make are caused directly by another event. Each human mind is the product of its experiences and in every situation will react according to what it has learnt, in a similar way to a computer that has been programmed. However this links back with responsibility, if a human was already pre destined to perform a certain task they should receive no praise for correctness in taking the action, as what they have done was done not out of free will, but because they were programmed, or already decided. The action says nothing about the moral worth of the person as it had an external cause, and was not done through free will and intention. The hard determinist view that everything is decided by a constant line of causes, and that humans are not free simply because every thing we supposedly decide is already caused and so determined, ultimately means that human free will is an illusion. Free will is something we feel we experience when making decisions and choosing but is really non-existent, the actions we partake in are already set and what we feel we decide is irrelevant to anything that actually happens. For example if I sat down in a room I would be free to step out of until I realised the door was locked. I am free to make this choice but when but my choice is irrelevant as I unable to do anything about it. Determinism removes this moral responsibility and so removes ethical decisions. However with freedom comes responsibility. Libertarianism presents the opposite idea that we are completely free therefore giving people total moral responsibility. The existence of human free will are largely based on the defined different between ones personality and ones moral self. While we have a sense of freedom, a sense deliberating over our options. Because of this, they would argue that universal causation is not necessarily relevant to human actions. They do not deny any influence to the human mind that could have an effect on the way in which one might act, but they claim that there is still a large aspect of freedom of choice involved. Oracle: Bingo! It is a pickle, no doubt about it. Bad news is there’s no way if you can know whether I’m really here to help you or not. So it’s really up to you. You just have to make up your own dam mind to either accept what I’m going to tell you or reject it. Candy? Neo: Do you already know if I’m going to take it? Oracle: Wouldn’t be much of an Oracle if I didn’t. Neo: But if you already know, how can I make a choice? Oracle: Because you didn’t come here to make the choice, you’ve already made it. You’re here to understand why you made it. I thought you’d’ve figured that out by now. Neo: Why are you here? Oracle: Same reason. I love candy. Libertarians views are idealistic they provides to us with the ultimate goal of being totally free. But if take this freedom then we should also be prepared to accept the responsibility that comes hand to hand with. For example if I allow my son to watch pornography involving a 15 year old and he turns out to be a paedophile than I would be totally to blame for these consequences. As with all workable theories finding the right balance is essential. Soft determinism is the third deterministic view and one where determinism and free will are completely compatible. It describes that we are morally responsible for our action although some are determined. Therefore the decisions we are free and able to make in our own minds count as the causes by which everything is made to occur. The midway position suggests that some of our actions are conditioned while others have a complex number of causes. For example there could be a number of reason why someone does not eat food, whether it be a diet, religious beliefs, famine or lack of money. â€Å"Real freedom,† in the question seems to suggest the freedom to take these fully conscious, and reasoned ethical decisions without relying a higher power. To conclude I believe that as human beings we are not free. Our behaviour and morals will always be determined social acceptance, laws, causality, and upbringing. However we have the power in ourselves to break down these constraints and become free, if a door is locked then break it down, if I want to throw microwaves of motorways then I will do so. When we become totally free this leads to anarchy and chaos. When it comes down to it is not a case of whether we are free or not it is whether we choose to be. Architect: Precisely. As you are undoubtedly gathering, the anomaly is systemic, creating fluctuations in even the most simplistic equations. TV Screens: You can’t control me! I’m gonna smash you to f***ing bits, I’m gonna show you, you can’t make me do anything. Neo: Choice, the problem is choice

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Gender Socialization Of Children Gendered Toys, Media,...

Abstract Gender role expectations are inescapable in our society as we naturally tend to sort humans into categories, the easiest one being gender. Upon first meeting a person, most people automatically classify the other’s gender. With this classification come the inevitable gender role expectations. Even for those who consciously try their hardest not to cloud their perceptions of others based on â€Å"traditional† gender role expectations, it is almost impossible not to subconsciously succumb to these expectations that are ingrained in our minds virtually since the day we are born. These expectations often influence how one interacts with another. This is especially important when taking into consideration the effects that gender socialization of children through gendered toys, media, and parental affects child development. Introduction Once a child is born, he or she learns to view the world based on the behaviors of others. The child’s primary caregivers, usually the parents, and others present in the child’s environment, such as siblings, peers, teachers, and even the media, contribute to the development of the child’s perception of himself, those around him, and society overall. This concept is called socialization. â€Å"The way we are, behave and think is the final product of socialization† and it is through socialization that we â€Å"learn what is appropriate and improper for both genders† (Crespi, 2004). This concept of gender socialization leads to the inescapableShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Being Taught to Young Children: A Psychological Approach2251 Words   |  10 PagesGender is socio-psychological characterizing of being male or female. Gender identity is the sense of being identified as one of these genders, and it is usually established before three years of age. Gender role describes the expectations of the society as how a male or female should behave according to their sex. Biology is the natural factor for differential gender development, and biologically a person with 46 XY chromosomes in their cells and gonads of testes would be a male, and a person